红枫湖后午沉积物磷形态与生物有效磷的垂向分布及疏浚深度推算

以贵州红枫湖后午重污染沉积物为研究对象,对沉积物柱芯按每2cm分层,研究了沉积物中含水量、孔隙度、磷形态与生物可利用磷的垂向分布规律,并推算出污染沉积物的环保疏浚深度。结果表明,含水量和孔隙度在沉积物上部30cm内递减,30cm往下剧减。沉积物中不同磷形态、生物有效磷的垂向分布规律相似,分别在6～12cm和15～16cm两个层段出现了转折,在底部30cm后趋于稳定。沉积物表层16cm中NaOH-P和有机磷含量的剖面变化,反映了红枫湖近20年来水环境富营养化的演变过程。根据含量拐点法和环保疏浚经济成本的考虑,可将后午区域疏浚层的深度定为30cm。     

油田注水泵房噪声治理

调查了油田注水泵房噪声的基本情况.根据噪声来源和特性制定了治理方案,分析了试验应用效果.     

博斯腾湖夏季水下光场特征分析及影响因素探讨

2011年8月,在新疆博斯腾湖17个站点进行水样采集,同步对11个站点进行水下光场原位测定.结果发现,博斯腾湖夏季总颗粒物吸收系数光谱表现出明显的浮游植物吸收特征,而浮游植物光谱曲线有明显的硅藻吸收光谱特征.在光合有效辐射波段,有色可溶性有机物（CDOM）吸收系数与浮游植物吸收系数对总吸收的贡献相当,而非色素颗粒物对总吸收的贡献最低.水下光谱衰减系数的最小值出现在580nm左右的绿光波段,PAR漫射衰减系数平均值为0.53m-1,平均真光层深度约为9.69m,大于湖水平均深度.在博斯腾湖虽然纯水和CDOM在总吸收中占有很重要的部分,但主导漫射衰减的因子仍为颗粒物.通过本文研究,以期能为干旱地区湖泊环境保护和水质遥感监测提供数据和理论基础.     

基于SOM和多元分析的滇池沉积物污染特征空间模式研究

联合运用层次聚类分析(HCA)、判别分析(DA)和自组织映射神经网络(SOM)3种数值方法,对滇池2008—2010年17个底泥监测点位(10个常规点位及7个新增点位)9种污染物进行空间差异性和相似性分析,并评价各指标在空间的分布特征及监测点代表性.结果表明:滇池沉积物整体污染程度为草海>外海中部及南部>外海北部.As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn污染最严重的点位是断桥;草海中心的凯氏氮污染最严重,其他指标污染水平仅次于断桥;Cr和TP污染最严重的点位是新增点位盘龙江2;海埂是全局污染最轻的点位.现有的常规监测点位对整体污染特征的代表性较弱,建议取消异质性最低的白鱼口、观音山西、观音山东和罗家营站点;考虑污染特征和监测点位空间分布的均匀性,建议将盘龙江2、海埂和马料河设为常规监测点位.     

17β-雌二醇在水体中的分布水平及去除方法研究现状

17β-雌二醇(E2)是一种常见的天然雌激素,普遍存在于各类水体环境,在水环境分布水平已经达到干扰鱼类内分泌系统的水平,被认为是作用最强烈、最具潜在影响的环境内分泌干扰物之一。文章重点介绍了17β-雌二醇在水体环境中的分布水平及去除方法,指出由于传统的污水处理工艺和净水工艺无法将其完全去除,增加深度处理工序已经迫在眉睫。针对E2的特点,现有水处理工艺宜增加能够生成强氧化剂.OH的工序。     

北湖流域水质改善系统动力学研究

利用系统动力学擅长研究动态、非线性复杂系统的特点,将其应用于北湖水质改善分析,构建了系统动力学-水质耦合模型,可实现长时间序列的连续模拟和水环境管理的情景分析。文章定量分析了三产比例调整、城镇化率提高与污水集中处理等因素对流域纳污控制及水质改善的影响,推演出可协调经济发展-水环境保护-污水治理资金三方矛盾的合理方案,为类似小城镇的发展提供可借鉴的思路和方法。     

长荡湖近15年营养状态评价及限制因子研究

采用综合营养状态指数法以及时间序列分析法、箱线图、Pearson相关分析等统计分析方法对长荡湖近15年的氮、磷、Chl a等监测数据进行分析,研究长荡湖的水质现状、营养物时空分布和变化规律及藻类生物量与氮磷营养盐的关系.结果表明:自2001年以来长荡湖富营养化呈加剧趋势,近15年来的透明度呈现下降趋势,Chl a浓度则以每年5.5μg/L的速率不断攀升,长荡湖随时都可能爆发大规模的蓝藻水华;长荡湖东部出水口(北干河口区)的水质好于湖体区(湖北区、湖南区、湖心区);TP为长荡湖浮游藻类生长的限制因子.     

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model for TMDL development of Lake Fuxian, China

Lake Fuxian is the largest deep freshwater lake in China. Although its average water quality meets Class I of the China National Water Quality Standard (CNWQS), i.e., GB3838-2002, monitoring data indicate that the water quality approaches the Class II threshold in some areas. Thus it is urgent to reduce the watershed load through the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed for Lake Fuxian, simulating flow circulation and pollutant fate and transport. The model development process consists of several steps, including grid generation, initial and boundary condition configurations, and model calibration processes. The model accurately reproduced the observed water surface elevation, spatiotemporal variations in temperature, and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, suggesting a reasonable numerical representation of the prototype system for further TMDL analyses. The TMDL was calculated using two interpretations of the water quality standards for Class I of the CNWQS based on the maximum instantaneous surface and annual average surface water concentrations. Analysis of the first scenario indicated that the TN, TP and COD loads should be reduced by 66%, 68% and 57%, respectively. Water quality was the highest priority; however, local economic development and cost feasibility for load reduction can pose significant issues. In the second interpretation, the model results showed that, under the existing conditions, the average water quality meets the Class I standard and therefore load reduction is unnecessary. Future studies are needed to conduct risk and cost assessments for realistic decision-making.     

Variation of cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake, China

Nansi Lake is located on the east line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in the lake from June 2008 to May 2011 based on monthly sample monitoring from five stations. The effect of environmental factors on cyanobacterial abundance was also evaluated. The cyanobacterial community contained 15 genera and 23 species. The cyanobacterial abundance of each monitoring station ranged from 0 to 1.53× 10⁷ cells/L with an average of 1.45×10⁶ cells/L, which accounted for 11.66% of the total phytoplankton abundance. The dominant species of cyanobacteria were Pseudanabaena (32.94%) and Merismopedia (19.85%), not the bloom-forming algae such as Microcystis and Anabaena. In addition, the cyanobacterial community structure and water quality variables changed substantially over the survey period. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that temperature and phosphorus were important environmental factors that affected cyanobacteria. Temperature was the most important factor affecting cyanobacterial abundance. The effect of phosphorus on cyanobacterial abundance was more notable in warm periods than in periods with low temperature.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区经济与环境的协调性研究

对经济与环境协调性关系的分析是可持续发展的研究核心。文章根据鄱阳湖生态经济区经济和环境的发展状况,选取了7个经济指标和7个环境指标,采用主成分分析法及协调性发展指数评价方法,对2006-2010年鄱阳湖生态经济区的经济系统与环境系统的协调性进行了定量分析,通过研究提出需要进一步加大鄱阳湖生态经济区环境保护力度、加快发展循环经济和构建环境友好型产业体系等政策建议。